Outliers: The Story of Success · chapter 7 · id outliers-c7-07-hofstedes-power-distance-index
“Hofstede's Power Distance Index is based on survey data collected from a single multinational corporation (IBM) in the 1960s-70s, and has been criticized for outdated data, Western-centric framing, and poor replication of some dimensions across recent studies.”
VERIFIEDconfidence: high⚠ extracted by pipeline, re-audit pending
Receipts
Frontiers in Psychology (2021): Measuring Cultural Dimensions: External Validity and Internal Consistency of Hofstede's VSM 2013 Scalessource alive
Results indicate both poor internal consistency and mostly inadequate validity of the VSM 2013 scales, reflecting failure to replicate the dimensions masculinity and uncertainty avoidance across 47 countries.
Wikipedia: Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory -- Criticism sectionsource alive
Hofstede's initial data was collected from IBM employees in the 1960s-70s. Critics argue this may not represent broader cultural landscapes. Two dimensions, Individualism and Power Distance, are significantly correlated with national wealth.
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